Applied Basic Medical Sciences MCQ

B-Series MCQ Practice Set — Applied Basic Medical Sciences (Units 1–8)

Unit 01 Human Anatomy English 1 illustrated

Foundations of Human Anatomy: Etymology, Scope, and Terminology · Historical Evolution of Human Anatomy: From Antiquity to Modernity · Major Theories, Schools, and Approaches in Anatomy · Thinkers and Scholars in Anatomy: Western and Indian Perspectives · Basic Tissues and Skin: Structure, Function, and Clinical Correlates · Osteology: Bones, Cartilage, and Ossification Mechanisms · Arthrology: Joints, Classification, Stability, and Clinical Anatomy · Myology · Abdomen and Pelvis: Peritoneum, Viscera, and Neurovasculature · Central Nervous System (CNS) vs Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) · Brain Divisions and Functional Regions · Spinal Cord: Segments, Conus Medullaris, and Cauda Equina · Meninges and Subarachnoid Space · Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) · Cranial Nerves: 12 Pairs, Functions, and Exit Points · Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Nervous Systems · Jejunum vs Ileum · Nucleus vs Ganglion · Tendon vs Ligament · Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal Organs · Deciduous vs Permanent Dentition · Male vs Female Pelvis · Right vs Left Main Bronchus · Arterial vs Venous Blood · Sensory vs Motor Pathways · DCML vs Spinothalamic Pathways · Criticism, Debates, and Interdisciplinary Linkages in Anatomy · Quick Revision and High-Yield Mnemonics for Anatomy · Comparative and Applied Cross-sectional Anatomy: From Body Plan to Imaging Slices · Functional and Clinical Integration of the Axial Skeleton with the Appendicular Skeleton: The Shoulder and Hip Girdles as Biomechanical Brid · Functional and Clinical Integration of the Axial Skeleton with Posture and Gait · Functional and Clinical Integration of the Axial Skeleton with the Appendicular Skeleton: Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Coupling · Applied Surface Anatomy and Anatomical Landmarks: Clinical Localization and Landmark-Guided Procedures · SUBJECTIVE MODEL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS — 10 · PYQ-BASED FACT BANK

Unit 02 Human Physiology English illustrated

Introduction to Human Physiology: Scope, Levels of Organization, and Homeostasis · Cell Physiology: Structure, Transport Mechanisms, and Membrane Potentials · Nerve Physiology: Resting Potential, Action Potential, and Synaptic Transmission · Muscle Physiology: Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle Contraction Mechanisms · The Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Regulation · Central Nervous System: Functional Anatomy and Higher Cortical Functions · Sensory Physiology: Receptors, Pathways, and Special Senses · Endocrine System: Hormone Classification, Mechanisms, and Feedback Control · Anatomical and Functional Relationship of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland · Hypothalamic Hormones: Releasing and Inhibiting Factors · Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Tropic and Direct-Acting Hormones · Posterior Pituitary Hormones: ADH and Oxytocin · Feedback Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis · Clinical Syndromes of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Dysfunction · Thyroid and Parathyroid Physiology: Calcium and Metabolic Regulation · Adrenal Gland Physiology: Stress Response and Mineralocorticoid Function · Pancreatic Hormones: Insulin, Glucagon, and Blood Glucose Homeostasis · Cardiovascular Physiology: Cardiac Cycle, Hemodynamics, and Blood Pressure Regulation · Electrophysiology of the Heart: Conduction System and ECG Interpretation · Respiratory Physiology: Mechanics of Breathing and Gas Exchange · Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide: Hemoglobin Function and Acid-Base Balance · Renal Physiology: Nephron Function, Glomerular Filtration, and Tubular Transport · Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Regulation of Sodium, Potassium, and Water · Acid-Base Homeostasis: Buffer Systems and Renal Compensation · Gastrointestinal Physiology: Motility, Secretion, and Digestion · Nutrient Absorption and Metabolism: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats · Temperature Regulation: Thermoregulatory Mechanisms and Fever · Reproductive Physiology: Male and Female Hormonal Cycles and Gametogenesis · Exercise Physiology: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Metabolic Adaptations · Integrative Physiology: Stress, Aging, and Homeostatic Challenges · SUBJECTIVE MODEL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS — 10 · PYQ-BASED FACT BANK

Unit 03 Biochemistry English illustrated

Introduction to Biochemistry: Scope, Importance, and Interdisciplinary Links · Cellular Architecture and Biomolecular Organization · Water, pH, and Buffer Systems in Biological Systems · Amino Acids: Structure, Classification, and Properties · Proteins: Structure, Folding, and Functional Diversity · Enzymes: Kinetics, Regulation, and Clinical Applications · Carbohydrates: Structure, Metabolism, and Clinical Significance · Lipids: Classification, Metabolism, and Pathophysiology · Self-test · Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA, and Genetic Information Flow · Bioenergetics: ATP, Redox Reactions, and Biological Oxidation · Carbohydrate Metabolism I: Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis · Carbohydrate Metabolism II: Citric Acid Cycle and Pentose Phosphate Pathway · Lipid Metabolism: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Synthesis · Amino Acid Metabolism: Transamination, Urea Cycle, and Specialized Products · Heme Metabolism and Porphyrin Disorders · Nucleotide Metabolism: Purine and Pyrimidine Pathways · De Novo Pathways · Salvage Pathways · Regulation of Nucleotide Synthesis · Disorders: Gout and Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome · Chemotherapeutic Targets · Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism · Vitamins: Classification, Functions, and Deficiency Disorders · Minerals and Trace Elements: Biological Roles and Clinical Relevance · Clinical Biochemistry: Laboratory Techniques and Diagnostics · Molecular Biology Techniques in Clinical Practice · Metabolic Integration and Homeostasis · Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis · Nutritional Biochemistry: Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Dietary Guidelines · SUBJECTIVE MODEL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS — 10 · PYQ-BASED FACT BANK

Unit 04 Microbiology Infection Control English illustrated

Introduction to Microbiology: Scope, History, and Relevance in Healthcare · Microbial Classification: Taxonomy, Nomenclature, and Key Characteristics · Bacterial Structure and Function: Cell Wall, Membrane, and Specialized Organelles · Bacterial Growth, Metabolism, and Genetic Regulation · Viruses: Structure, Classification, and Mechanisms of Infection · Fungi: Morphology, Reproduction, and Pathogenic Mechanisms · Superficial and Cutaneous Mycoses · Self-test. · Parasites: Protozoa and Helminths – Life Cycles and Host Interactions · Microbial Genetics: Mutation, Recombination, and Horizontal Gene Transfer · Host-Microbe Interactions: Colonization, Infection, and Disease Pathogenesis · Principles of Immunology: Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses · Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: Microscopy, Culture, and Molecular Techniques · Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanisms of Action, Resistance, and Clinical Applications · Sterilization and Disinfection: Methods, Efficacy, and Quality Control · Infection Control in Healthcare Settings: Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions · Healthcare-Associated Infections: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies · Outbreak Investigation and Management: Surveillance, Reporting, and Control Measures · Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases: Global Trends and Challenges · Vaccines and Immunization: Principles, Types, and Public Health Impact · Self-Test · Antibiotic Stewardship: Strategies for Rational Use and Resistance Mitigation · Microbial Biofilms: Formation, Clinical Significance, and Control · Zoonotic Infections: Transmission Dynamics and One Health Approach · Core Concepts of Microbial Pathogenicity · Environmental and Industrial Microbiology: Applications and Safety · Ethical and Legal Aspects of Microbiology and Infection Control · Case Studies in Microbiology and Infection Control: Clinical Scenarios and Problem-Solving · SUBJECTIVE MODEL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS — 10 · PYQ-BASED FACT BANK

Unit 05 Pathology Genetics English illustrated

Introduction to Pathology: Definitions, Scope, and Branches · Cellular Adaptations to Stress and Injury · Chapter Recap · Self-test · Cell Injury and Cell Death: Mechanisms and Morphology · Inflammation: Acute and Chronic Processes · Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis · Hemodynamic Disorders: Edema, Hyperemia, and Hemorrhage · Thrombosis, Embolism, and Infarction · Neoplasia: Classification and Nomenclature · Carcinogenesis: Molecular and Genetic Basis · Genetic Disorders: Patterns of Inheritance · Chromosomal Abnormalities: Structural and Numerical · Molecular Techniques in Pathology and Genetics · PYQ-BASED FACT BANK

Unit 06 Pharmacology Toxicology English illustrated

Introduction to Pharmacology: Scope, Branches, and Historical Milestones · Pharmacodynamics: Mechanisms of Drug Action and Receptor Theory · Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion · Pharmacokinetics II: Excretion, Clearance, and Half-Life · Drug Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration · Oral Formulations · Parenteral Formulations · Topical Formulations · Bioavailability and First-Pass Effect · Self-Test · Drug Interactions: Mechanisms, Types, and Clinical Significance · Adverse Drug Reactions: Classification, Mechanisms, and Reporting · Drug Development and Clinical Trials: Phases and Regulatory Framework · Essential Drugs and Rational Prescribing Principles · Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology: Cholinergic and Adrenergic Drugs · Cholinergic Agonists · Cholinergic Antagonists · Adrenergic Agonists · Adrenergic Blockers · Central Nervous System Pharmacology: Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics · Antiepileptic Drugs: Mechanisms, Classification, and Clinical Use · First-line and Second-line Agents · Mechanisms of Action and Resistance · Management of Status Epilepticus · Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Drugs: Mechanisms and Adverse Effects · Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: NSAIDs, Opioids, and Adjuvants · Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Antihypertensives and Antianginals · Cardiovascular Pharmacology II: Antiarrhythmics and Lipid-Lowering Agents · Respiratory Pharmacology: Bronchodilators and Anti-Inflammatory Agents · Gastrointestinal Pharmacology: Acid Suppressants and Antiemetics · Endocrine Pharmacology: Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemics, and Thyroid Drugs · Antimicrobial Pharmacology: Antibiotics, Antivirals, and Antifungals · Antimicrobial Pharmacology II: Antitubercular and Antimalarial Drugs · Chemotherapy of Cancer: Mechanisms and Adverse Effects · Toxicology: Principles, Mechanisms, and Management of Poisoning · Heavy Metal Poisoning: Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic · Pesticide and Drug Poisoning: Organophosphates and Opioids · Environmental and Occupational Toxicology · Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine · SUBJECTIVE MODEL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS — 10 · PYQ-BASED FACT BANK

Unit 07 Community Medicine National Health Programmes English illustrated

Foundations of Community Medicine: Definition, Scope, and Evolution · Epidemiology: Core Principles, Study Designs, and Outbreak Investigation · Biostatistics for Public Health: Data Types, Tests, and Sampling · Community Medicine & National Health Programmes · Environmental Health: Pollution, Sanitation, and Climate Change Impacts · High-yield Summary · Mnemonic · Traps · Self-test · Communicable Diseases: Transmission, Prevention, and Elimination Strategies · Non-Communicable Diseases: Burden, Risk Factors, and National Response · Maternal and Child Health: Policies, Programs, and High-Risk Care · Definition of Health System · Levels of Healthcare in India · Public vs Private Sector in Health · Public Health Programmes: Ayushman Bharat, CGHS, ESI · Health Financing in India: OOPE, PM-JAY, Insurance Schemes · Human Resources for Health: Ratios, ASHAs, NRHM · Health Information Systems: HMIS, IDSP, e-Sanjeevani · Challenges in Indian Health System · Reforms in Indian Health System · International Comparisons: UK NHS, USA ACA, Cuba Model · Case Studies: Kerala Model, Chhattisgarh’s Mitanin Programme · Definition and Classification of National Health Programs · Key National Health Programs · Health Planning and Management: Policies, Evaluation, and Decentralization · Social and Behavioral Sciences in Health: Determinants and Interventions · Occupational Health: Hazards, Diseases, and Regulatory Framework · Disaster Management: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Frameworks · Definition and Principles · Applied Epidemiology: Outbreak Investigation and Surveillance Systems · Non-Communicable Disease Prevention: Tobacco, Alcohol, and Mental Health · Health Information Systems and Digital Health Innovations · Universal Health Coverage and Health Insurance: Models and Impact · SUBJECTIVE MODEL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS — 10 · PYQ-BASED FACT BANK

Unit 08 Professional Ethics Law Communication Computers English illustrated

Foundations of Professional Ethics in Healthcare · Professional Ethics, Law, Communication & Computers · Autonomy: Informed Consent and Patient Rights · Beneficence: ‘Do No Harm’ vs ‘Act in Patient’s Best Interest’ · Veracity: Truth-Telling and Medical Errors (NMC Professional Conduct Regulations) · Constitutional Provisions: Article 21 and Article 47 · Key Acts: Clinical Establishments Act 2010 · National Medical Commission (NMC) Act 2019 · Consumer Protection Act 2019: Medical Negligence and Compensation · Indian Penal Code (IPC): Sections 304A, 336–338 · Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940: Schedule H1, Narcotics, Prescription Laws · Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act 1971 and 2021 Amendments · Transplantation of Human Organs Act 1994: Brain Death Criteria and Organ Donation · Medical Negligence and Malpractice: Legal Tests and Defenses · Definition and Legal Foundations · Types of Medical Records · Components of a Medical Record: The SOAP Format · Retention Periods: Legal vs Ethical · Ownership of Medical Records · Alteration and Tampering: Legal Consequences · Medical Records as Evidence: Hearsay vs Real Evidence · Key Sections of the Clinical Establishments (Central Government) Rules, 2012 · Procedure: How to Maintain a Medical Record · Applied and Clinical Dimensions · High-Yield Facts · Mnemonics · Traps and How to Avoid Them · Self-Test (8 Items) · Indian Guidelines: ICMR National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research (2017) · Institutional Ethics Committees (IEC): Composition and Functions (NABL Accreditation) · Informed Consent in Research: Vulnerable Populations (Children, Prisoners, Pregnant Women) · Plagiarism and Authorship: COPE Guidelines · Conflict of Interest: Financial vs Non-Financial (Industry-Sponsored Trials) · End-of-Life Care and Euthanasia: Legal, Ethical, and Palliative Dimensions · National Health Policy 2017: Key Objectives and Achievements · Ayushman Bharat: PM-JAY (2018) and Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) · Maternal and Child Health: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) · Communicable Diseases: National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP), National AIDS Control Program (NACP) · Non-Communicable Diseases: National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) · Mental Health: Mental Healthcare Act 2017 and National Mental Health Program (NMHP) · Computers in Healthcare: Informatics, Telemedicine, and AI Ethics · Professional Conduct and Disciplinary Mechanisms in Healthcare · Ethical Decision-Making Models in Healthcare: Structured Frameworks for Complex Clinical Choices · Ethical Allocation and Rationing of Scarce Healthcare Resources · SUBJECTIVE MODEL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS — 10 · PYQ-BASED FACT BANK