Dialysis & Critical Care Technology For Major Exams notes (English medium) — complete unit-wise study material mapped to previous-year questions. Read the first 10 pages of every unit free, then get the printable PDF or a printed hard copy delivered across India.
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Dialysis & Critical Care MCQ
Contents · Unit 1: Renal Anatomy and Physiology · Answers and Explanations — Unit 1 · Unit 2: Renal Diseases · Answers and Explanations — Unit 2 · Unit 3: Principles of Dialysis · Answers and Explanations — Unit 3 · Unit 4: Haemodialysis Equipment · Answers and Explanations — Unit 4 · Unit 5: Dialysis Water Treatment · Answers and Explanations — Unit 5 · Unit 6: Vascular Access: AV Fistula, Grafts and Catheters · Answers and Explanations — Unit 6 · Unit 7: Dialysis Pharmacology: Anticoagulation, Iron Therapy and Emergency Medications · Answers and Explanations — Unit 7 · Unit 8: Dialysis Complications: Clinical Manifestations and Management · Answers and Explanations — Unit 8 · Unit 9: Peritoneal Dialysis: Techniques, Complications and Patient Care · Answers and Explanations — Unit 9 · Unit 10: Mechanical Ventilation: Ventilator Modes, Monitoring and Complications · Answers and Explanations — Unit 10 · Unit 11: Advanced Monitoring: ABG Interpretation, Haemodynamic Parameters and Fluid Balance · Answers and Explanations — Unit 11 · Unit 12: Infection Control in Critical Care: Dialysis-Specific and General Measures · Answers and Explanations — Unit 12 · Unit 13: Renal Replacement Therapies: CRRT, SLED and Transplantation Basics · Answers and Explanations — Unit 13 · Unit 14: Quality Assurance and Professional Practice in Dialysis · Answers and Explanations — Unit 14 · Unit 15: Clinical Procedures, Emergency Care and General Paramedical Topics · Answers and Explanations — Unit 15
Unit 01 Renal Anatomy Physiology Zenith
Unit 1: Renal Anatomy and Physiology
Unit 02 Renal Diseases Zenith
Contents · Introduction to Renal Diseases · Acute Kidney Injury · Chronic Kidney Disease · Acute Versus Chronic Kidney Disease · Glomerular Diseases: General Principles · Nephrotic Syndrome · Nephritic Syndrome and Rapidly Progressive GN · Diabetic Kidney Disease · Hypertensive and Vascular Kidney Disease · Tubulointerstitial, Cystic and Other Renal Diseases · Complications of Kidney Failure · Renal Replacement Therapy: Principles for Renal Disease · Renal Transplantation · Clinical Case Studies · Quick Revision Tables and Mnemonics · High-Yield Fact Bank
Unit 03 Principles of Dialysis Zenith
Unit 3: Principles of Dialysis
Unit 04 Haemodialysis Equipment Zenith
Contents · The Haemodialysis System: Overview, Standards and History · The Extracorporeal Blood Circuit · The Blood Pump · Pressure Monitoring · Anticoagulation Delivery: Heparin Pump and Monitoring · Air Detection and Air Embolism Protection · The Dialyser · The Dialysate (Hydraulic) Circuit · Dialysate Composition, Conductivity and Temperature · Ultrafiltration Control · Blood Leak Detection · Machine Safety Architecture · Water Supply Interface · Special Systems and Advanced Monitoring · Master Troubleshooting Tables · Dialysis Dose and the Equipment · High-Yield Fact Bank · Quick Revision: High-Yield Numbers and Facts
Unit 05 Dialysis Water Treatment Zenith
Contents · Why Water Quality Matters in Haemodialysis · Standards and Regulatory Framework · Water-Quality Limits · Contaminants and Their Clinical Effects · The Water-Treatment Train · Pre-treatment I: Particle Filtration and Softening · Pre-treatment II: Activated Carbon · Reverse Osmosis · Deionization and Electrodeionization · Ultraviolet Irradiation and Filtration After RO · Storage and Distribution · Microbiology: Biofilm, Sampling and Testing · Disinfection of Water Systems · Validation, Maintenance and Records · Troubleshooting and Safety · Dialysis Fluid Preparation and Concentrate Handling · Case Vignettes · High-Yield Fact Bank · High-Yield Summary
Unit 06 Vascular Access Zenith
Contents · 1 Introduction to Vascular Access · 2 Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) · 3 Fistula Maturation and Assessment · 4 Arteriovenous Graft (AVG) · 5 Central Venous Catheters (CVC) for Haemodialysis · 6 Cannulation of AV Fistulas and Grafts · 7 Access Care, Monitoring and Surveillance · 8 Complications of AV Access · 9 Infection Control in Vascular Access · 10 Management of Access Dysfunction · 11 Clinical Cases for Application · 12 Numerical Practice · 13 High-Yield Fact Bank · 14 Exam Traps and High-Yield Summary
Unit 07 Dialysis Pharmacology Zenith
Contents and How to Use This Unit · 1 Principles of Pharmacology in Kidney Failure · 2 Haemostasis and Clotting in the Extracorporeal Circuit · 3 Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) · 4 Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins (LMWH) · 5 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Non-Heparin Anticoagulants · 6 Heparin-Free Dialysis and Regional Citrate Anticoagulation · 7 Catheter Locks, Thrombolytics and Oral Anticoagulants · 8 Anaemia of CKD and Iron Physiology · 9 Iron Therapy · 10 Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents and HIF-PH Inhibitors · 11 Drugs for CKD–Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) · 12 Emergency Medications in the Dialysis Unit · 13 Antihypertensive Drugs in Dialysis Patients · 14 Antimicrobial Dosing in Haemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis and CRRT · 15 Antidiabetic Drugs in CKD and Dialysis · 16 Vaccination in CKD and Dialysis · 17 Medication Safety, Drug Storage and the Cold Chain · 18 Dose-Calculation Practice Set · 19 Integrated Case Studies · 20 Exam Traps and One-Look Revision
Unit 08 Dialysis Complications Zenith
Contents · Dialysis Complications: Foundations and Classification · Intradialytic Hypotension (IDH) · Muscle Cramps · Other Common Intradialytic Symptoms · Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) · Air Embolism · Haemolysis · Dialyser Reactions · Cardiac Arrhythmias, Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiac Arrest · Hyperkalaemia and Other Electrolyte and Dialysate Errors · Bleeding, Anticoagulation and Access-Related Acute Events · Technical and Machine-Related Emergencies · Peritoneal Dialysis: Fluid, Electrolyte and Metabolic Complications · Peritoneal Dialysis: Infection-Related Complications · Peritoneal Dialysis: Mechanical Complications and EPS · Long-Term Complications of Dialysis · Haemodialysis versus Peritoneal Dialysis: Comparison of Complications · Monitoring, Safety Systems and Special Populations · Case Vignettes · High-Yield Fact Bank · Quick Revision
Unit 09 Peritoneal Dialysis Zenith
Contents · 1 Introduction to Peritoneal Dialysis · 2 Physiology of Peritoneal Transport · 3 Classification of PD Techniques · 4 Pre-dialysis Assessment and Patient Selection · 5 PD Access: The Peritoneal Catheter · 6 The Exchange Procedure · 7 Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) · 8 Prescription, Transport Testing and Adequacy · 9 Infectious Complications · 10 Mechanical and Fluid-Related Complications · 11 Ultrafiltration Failure and Fluid Balance · 12 Metabolic and Nutritional Complications · 13 Patient Training, Self-Management and Home Care · 14 Clinical Case Studies · 15 High-Yield Fact Bank · 16 Exam Traps and Quick Revision
Unit 10 Mechanical Ventilation Zenith
Contents · Unit Overview · Principles of Mechanical Ventilation · Describing a Breath: Trigger, Target and Cycle · Ventilator Modes · Non-Invasive Ventilation · Initial Settings and Nursing Care of the Ventilated Patient · Monitoring the Ventilated Patient · Complications of Mechanical Ventilation · Special Situations · Weaning and Extubation · High-Yield Fact Bank · Quick Revision
Unit 11 Advanced Monitoring ABG Zenith
Contents · 1 Scope of Advanced Monitoring in the Critical Care Unit · 2 Arterial Blood Gas: Physiology and Normal Values · 3 ABG Sampling Technique and Pre-analytical Errors · 4 Stepwise ABG Interpretation · 5 Metabolic Disorders · 6 Respiratory Disorders · 7 Worked ABG Cases · 8 Oxygenation and Oxygen Transport · 9 Lactate · 10 Capnography · 11 Invasive Arterial Pressure Monitoring · 12 Central Venous Pressure · 13 Pulmonary Artery Catheter (Swan–Ganz) · 14 Cardiac Output and Derived Haemodynamic Indices · 15 Fluid Responsiveness and Fluid Balance · 16 Electrolyte Values Relevant to ABG Interpretation · 17 Integrated Clinical Scenarios · 18 ECG Monitoring and Basic Arrhythmias · 19 Neurological Monitoring · 20 Severity Scoring Systems · 21 Laboratory Reference Values for Critical Care · 22 Case Vignettes: Integrated Monitoring · 23 High-Yield Fact Bank · 24 High-Yield Summary Tables
Unit 12 Infection Control Zenith
Contents · Foundations of Infection Control in Critical Care and Dialysis · Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions · Blood-Borne Viruses in Haemodialysis: HBV, HCV and HIV · Vascular Access Infections and Dialysis-Associated Bloodstream Infection · Peritoneal Dialysis–Related Infections · Device-Associated Infections in the ICU: Care Bundles · Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilisation · Water and Dialysate — Infection-Control Interface · Occupational Safety: Sharps Injury and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis · Bio-Medical Waste Management (India) · Multidrug-Resistant Organisms and Antimicrobial Stewardship · Other Systemic Infections in Dialysis Patients · Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation · Clinical Case Vignettes · High-Yield Fact Bank · High-Yield Revision Summary
Unit 13 CRRT SLED Transplantation Zenith
Contents · 1 Renal Replacement Therapy: Scope and Classification · 2 Physical Principles of Solute and Water Removal · 3 Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) · 4 Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis (SLED) · 5 Anticoagulation in CRRT and SLED · 6 Comparison of Acute RRT Modalities and Choosing a Modality · 7 Clinical Case Applications · 8 Kidney Transplantation: Principles · 9 Immunosuppression · 10 Rejection · 11 Post-transplant Care and Complications · 12 High-Yield Fact Bank · 13 High-Yield Revision
Unit 14 Quality Assurance Professional Practice Zenith
Quality in Dialysis: Core Concepts · Dialysis Adequacy as a Quality Indicator · Quality Indicators and Monitoring in a Dialysis Unit · Quality Improvement Tools · Patient Safety, Incident Reporting and Risk Management · Equipment Management and Preventive Maintenance · Standards and Accreditation: NABH and National Programme Requirements · Professional Practice: Ethics, Consent and Law · Patient Education, Communication, Counselling and Rehabilitation · Dialysis Unit Organisation, Design and Operations · Home Dialysis Programme · Integrated Case Vignettes · High-Yield Fact Bank · Unit Summary and Exam Traps
Unit 15 Clinical Procedures Emergency Care General Paramedical Zenith
Contents · Scope of This Unit and Links to Units 1–14 · The Haemodialysis Session I: Machine Preparation and Priming · The Haemodialysis Session II: Assessment, Connection, Initiation and Monitoring · The Haemodialysis Session III: Termination, Post-dialysis Care, Reprocessing and Documentation · Vital Signs and Anthropometry · Neurological and Pain Assessment · Intake–Output Charting and Fluid Balance · Specimen Collection · Injections, IV Cannulation, Infusions and Transfusion · Oxygen Therapy, Airway Care, Suctioning and Nebulisation · ECG Recording, Rhythm Recognition and Cardiac Monitoring · Basic Life Support: CPR, AED and Choking · Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support: Algorithms and the Crash Cart · Medical Emergencies · Triage and First Aid · Patient Positioning, Transfer and Safety in the Dialysis Unit · Medical Terminology and Abbreviations · Applied Anatomy and Physiology: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems · Common Laboratory Normal Values · Basic Pharmacology Principles and Dose Calculations · Sterilisation, Disinfection and Biomedical Waste: Overview · Medical Ethics, Consent, Patient Rights and Legal Aspects · Communication, Patient Education and Renal Nutrition · Hospital Organisation, Records and Computer Basics · Case Vignettes · High-Yield Fact Bank · Quick Revision
